各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系中工、槽型鋼的差別：

　　The differences between the structural steel and groove steel in various standard systems:

　　工字鋼、槽鋼、角鋼是世界上比較老的結(jié)構(gòu)用型鋼類型，歐、美、英和我國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里都有這三類熱軋型鋼，但是卻有不同的外形要求和規(guī)格尺寸，就算是名義腰高腰厚、腿寬腿厚一樣，也不一定能互換，因為內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度不一樣，所以，如果有外標(biāo)詢單來時，不要只查看幾個國標(biāo)尺寸參數(shù)就接單。我們來看看各中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中工字鋼、槽鋼的內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度：歐標(biāo)中的IPN系列工字鋼，內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度14%，如下圖：UPN系列槽鋼內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度分兩種情況，腰高小于等于300mm的，斜度為8%，大于300mm的，斜度為5%，外形如下圖：值得注意的是，歐標(biāo)中還有直腿槽鋼，內(nèi)側(cè)壁無斜度，如UAP和UPE系列。英標(biāo)中，CH系列槽鋼是直腿槽鋼，無斜度。工字鋼的J系列的內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度為8度，如下圖：美標(biāo)的工字鋼和槽鋼的內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度為(16+2/3)%，外觀與其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相似，這里就不再附加圖片展示。國標(biāo)的工字鋼內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度1：6，而槽鋼的為1:10。看完上訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中內(nèi)側(cè)壁斜度要求，是不是覺得，槽鋼、工字鋼很亂？所以簽合同要先了解標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，要清楚各項要求。有個別做國際貿(mào)易的朋友在型鋼上，因為只看簡單參數(shù)而非常終交不了貨，導(dǎo)致賠錢的也很多。做型鋼貿(mào)易要小心，有錢都不一定能買到貨，為什么買不到貨呢？因為國外有的型鋼已經(jīng)不再生產(chǎn)了，而工程設(shè)計師還不知道，設(shè)計上應(yīng)用了該類型鋼。

　　I-beams, channel steels, and angle steels are the oldest types of structural steel in the world. These three types of hot-rolled steel are included in the standards of Europe, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, but they have different external requirements and specifications. Even if the nominal waist height, waist thickness, leg width, and leg thickness are the same, they may not be interchangeable because the inner wall slope is different. Therefore, if there is an external standard inquiry, do not just check a few national standard size parameters and accept the order. Let's take a look at the inner wall slope of I-beams and channel steels in various standards: the IPN series I-beams in the European standard have an inner wall slope of 14%, as shown in the figure below. The inner wall slope of the UPN series channel steels can be divided into two types: those with a waist height of less than or equal to 300mm have a slope of 8%, and those with a waist height greater than 300mm have a slope of 5%, as shown in the figure below. It is worth noting that the European standard also includes straight leg channel steels with no slope on the inner wall, such as the UAP and UPE series. In the British standard, CH series channel steel is a straight leg channel steel with no slope. The inner wall slope of the J series of I-beams is 8 degrees, as shown in the following figure: the inner wall slope of American standard I-beams and channel steels is (16+2/3)%, and the appearance is similar to other standards. Therefore, no additional pictures will be attached here for display. The slope of the inner wall of the I-beam in the national standard is 1:6, while that of the channel steel is 1:10. After reading the requirements for the slope of the inner wall in the appeal standard, do you think that the channel steel and I-beam are very messy? So when signing a contract, you need to first understand the standards and be clear about all the requirements. Some friends who engage in international trade have lost a lot of money on steel sections because they only look at simple parameters and ultimately cannot deliver the goods. Be careful when trading steel, even if you have money, you may not be able to buy goods. Why can't you buy goods? Because some types of steel are no longer produced abroad, and engineering designers are not yet aware, this type of steel has been applied in design.

　　工槽角三類型鋼的用途和牌號：

　　The purpose and grade of three types of steel for groove corners:

　　工字鋼用途：工字鋼在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中常用于做梁，因為它抗彎性比較好，但在H型鋼推廣使用以后工字鋼使用逐漸褪去，不過有一類行業(yè)卻對工字鋼需求不減，就是單梁行車或者葫蘆吊生產(chǎn)制造業(yè)，規(guī)格常用工30T，牌號常用Q235B、345B。工字鋼國內(nèi)非常大規(guī)格能做到工63，當(dāng)然再大也能做，但是市場需求沒有，所以沒開發(fā)。

　　Application of I-beams: I-beams are commonly used in steel structures to make beams because they have good bending resistance. However, after the promotion and use of H-beams, the use of I-beams has gradually faded away. However, there is a type of industry that does not reduce the demand for I-beams, which is the production and manufacturing of single beam cranes or hoist cranes. The specifications are commonly 30T, and the grades are commonly Q235B and 345B. The largest specification of I-beam steel in China can reach 63, of course, even the largest can be made, but there is no market demand, so it has not been developed.

　　槽鋼的用途：槽鋼在很多鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中被使用，部分還用于集裝箱、造船、商用車等。由于近幾年冷彎型鋼的發(fā)展，熱軋槽鋼也是受到了很大沖擊。多數(shù)企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向生產(chǎn)超厚、超大規(guī)格、特殊用途的槽鋼。

　　The use of channel steel: Channel steel is used in many steel structures, and some are also used in containers, shipbuilding, commercial vehicles, etc. Due to the development of cold-formed steel in recent years, hot-rolled channel steel has also been greatly impacted. Most enterprises have turned to producing ultra thick, oversized, and special-purpose channel steel.

　　角鋼的用途：角鋼也和槽鋼一樣由于形狀比較簡單，冷彎容易實現(xiàn)，板材的價格低，冷彎產(chǎn)品價格、生產(chǎn)、品種、牌號上都比熱軋要有更大優(yōu)勢，所以熱軋產(chǎn)品逐漸消退。不過特大特厚的角鋼還是需要熱軋，比如高壓輸變電鐵塔用的角鋼，非常大能做到25號，其單邊寬度250mm，變厚度能達(dá)到35mm，這類型鋼冷彎設(shè)備能力彎曲不了，而且R角容易開裂。

　　The use of angle steel: Like channel steel, angle steel is also easy to achieve cold bending due to its simple shape. The price of the plate is low, and cold bending products have greater advantages in price, production, variety, and grade compared to hot rolling. Therefore, hot rolling products are gradually declining. However, extra large and thick angle steel still needs to be hot-rolled, such as the angle steel used for high-voltage transmission and transformation towers, which can reach a maximum size of 25, with a single-sided width of 250mm and a variable thickness of 35mm. This type of steel cold bending equipment cannot bend it, and the R angle is prone to cracking.

　　牌號：常見或可以生產(chǎn)的工槽角的牌號和H型鋼類似，本文不再贅述，需要查看的請參看歷史文章熱軋型鋼產(chǎn)品介紹-H型鋼。

　　Grade: The common or producible grades of groove angles are similar to H-beams, which will not be repeated in this article. For more information, please refer to the historical article Hot Rolled Steel Product Introduction - H-beams.

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